Criminal Tort

Supreme Court of the Republic of Turkey

  1. Criminal Chamber
    Basis: 2013/28250
    Decision: 2016/5651
    Decision Date: 29.06.2016

THE CRIME OF BIASING CONFIDENCE DUE TO THE SERVICE – Failing to consider that the tort constituting a crime should be evaluated within the scope of TPC ARTICLE 150, numbered 5237

SUMMARY: It is not observed that the wrongful act of the accused, who is dealing with real estate, who has no negativity reflected in his criminal record, acting together with his close friend, the other accused, who is to be taken from the victim on the day of the incident, should be evaluated within the scope of the article of the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237. is the reason for the breakdown.

Case and Decision: By appealing the judgment given by the Local Court; The file was discussed according to the nature of the application, the type of punishment, its duration and the date of the crime:

I) Deprivation of liberty regarding the accused … and …; As for the examination of the appeals against the provisions established on the offenses of breach of trust due to service;

According to the content of the file and the minutes of the hearing, the legally valid and suitable evidence gathered and discussed at the place of decision, the reason and the discretion of the Board of Judges; Since there was no procedural and illegality in accepting and characterizing that the crimes were committed by the accused, the other appeal objections were not deemed appropriate.

However;

Until the execution of their prison sentences, the defendants are deprived of exercising the rights written in Article 53/1-a-b-c-d-e of the Turkish Penal Code, however, the Turkish Penal Code 53/3. Even though it has been decided to end their deprivation of exercising the rights listed in paragraph 53/1-c of the Turkish Penal Code on their descendants, if they are released on probation pursuant to the article; Published in the Official Gazette dated 24.11.2015 and entered into force on the same date, with the decision of the Constitutional Court, dated 08.10.2015, numbered 2014/140- 2015/85 Principle and Decision, written in Article 53/1-b of the Turkish Penal Code, “election, election and the phrase “using other political rights” has been cancelled,

8/1 of the Law No. 5320. Based on the authority given by Article 322 of the Criminal Procedure Code No. 1412, the section regarding the implementation of Article 53 of the Turkish Penal Code was removed from the sentence, instead of it, “As a legal consequence of the defendants’ imprisonment for the crime they have committed intentionally, the Turkish Penal Code 53/1. to be deprived of exercising the right to elect, be elected and other political rights written in subparagraphs (a, c, d and e) and subparagraph (b); 53/2 of the same Law. In terms of the application of Article 53/1, subparagraphs (a, c, d and e) and voting and other political rights written in subparagraph (b) and in accordance with paragraph 3 of the same article, custody, guardianship and custody over their descendants as written in subparagraph (c). Not being able to use their trusteeship powers until they are released on probation from the prison sentence they are convicted of, by writing the sentence, the other aspects of which are found to be in accordance with the procedure and law, to be corrected and APPROVED,

II) As for the examination of the appeals against the accused against the provisions established for the crime of plundering;

Other appeals were not seen on the spot.

However;

Failing to consider that the wrongful act of the accused, who is dealing with real estate and has no negativity reflected in his criminal record, acted together with his close friend, the other accused, that he will receive from the victim on the day of the incident, and that the wrongful act constituting a crime should be evaluated within the scope of article 150/1 of the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237. ,

Conclusion: It was unanimously decided on 29.06.2016 that the verdict was quashed contrary to the request for the reason explained, since the appeal objections of the defendant’s defense were deemed appropriate in this regard.

Inadequate and Insufficient Reason

Supreme Court of the Republic of Turkey

6.Criminal Department
Main: 2016/3945
Decision: 2016/5659
Date of Decision: 29.06.2016

PLUNDER CRIME – FAILURE TO REACH A VERDICT OF CONVICTION FOR LOOTING AND MEMBERSHIP IN A CRIMINAL ORGANIZATION ON THE GROUNDS THAT IT IS NOT APPROPRIATE AND SUFFICIENT – VIOLATION OF THE PROVISION

SUMMARY: The defendant …’s conviction for looting and membership of a criminal organization on the ground and on the basis of insufficient grounds otherwise required overturning the decision without discussing and showing the decision on the spot in a way that would allow the defendant to directly or indirectly participate in the looting action to be audited.

Case and Decision: The verdict given by the Local Court was also appealed by the defendant … and his defense on a trial basis; although the defendant and his defense were duly notified of the day of the trial, they did not come to the hearing and did not report an excuse, the file was discussed according to the nature, type of punishment, duration and date of the crime of the application at the end of the examination conducted without a hearing from the named defendant.

Member …’s Law No. 6526 added to the Anti-Terrorism Law 14/4.the last sentence of the article contradicts the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey and the international treaties, and therefore appeals to the Constitutional Court for cancellation; the Member …’s opinion that the examination of the provision given in accordance with the principle of equality and the right to a fair trial in accordance with the article contradicts the international treaties adopted by our country is completely overturned by the majority of the opinions rejected in the examination;

I – to form an organization for the purpose of committing a crime the defendant, the defendants …, …, …, … and … about an organization, membership in the defendant’s crimes imprisonment for aiding a criminal organization with the provisions of the law about the criminal organization help and the public prosecutor of the defendants 6136 12/1.violation of Article 12/1 of the Law No. 6136 on defendants.violation of the article; 12/1 of the Law No. 6136 on the accused …in the examination of appeals requests for acquittal provisions established for violation of the article, abuse of office, attempt to influence the judicial official, failure of a public official to report a crime, conceal, destroy evidence of a crime, benefit for work that he is not authorized to do, and mediation in prostitution;

About them the conviction of the accused,…, …, …, …, …, … and … related to the Turkish Penal Code of 53/1-d written in the article, “voting, election and other political rights, the use of the phrase” published in the official gazette dated 24.11.2015 on the cancellation of the Constitutional Court into force on the same date 08.10.2015 day 2014/140-2015/85 the basis of the observance of the decision and the decision has been observed during the execution phase it is possible.

The minutes of hearings on the content of the file and, together with the favorable decision discussed by examining the evidence, motive, and at the discretion of the board of Judges, the defendants …, …, …, …, … and …, … savunman because it is unprecedented over the objections of the defendant with the public prosecutor to appeal the rejection, criticism, and other aspects outside of the provisions approved in accordance with the law on procedures for,

II – about the defendant participating and suffering … ’a separate looting, fraud defendants with crimes…,…, …, … …complaining about a’don’t you dare to fall for the defendants,…,…,…, … about …join’imprisonment for crimes, the public prosecutor or the defendant with participating loot the provision about …’or the provisions of loot and membership in the organization established an acquittal for the examination of Appeals for claims of crimes when it comes to:

Other appeals were not considered on the spot.

But,

1- The Indictment (2.) in the action specified as the event;

7,000 that the father of the complainant, the defendant, and the uncle of the accused withdrew from the bank before the date of the incident.-TL 3.150, which he vouches for the loan, but the defendant complains about this debt after the loan has not been paid during this period.-TL claims given the deed, this stock also enraged enforcement proceedings as a result of failure to pay on time the defendant …’s on 05.05.2008 yakinani in order to solve this conflict by threatening the defendants …, …, … and …’le yakinani workplace increasingly forced into the van together with the threat of weapons and take out to a restaurant on site yakinani, captured by the security forces here in the order they spoke defendants …, …, …, …, … about, “Don’t leave devoid of liberty” and a “threat” to the Criminal Court on crimes and public Tuzla 27.05.2008 opened the case by the same court dated 26/05/2009 the outcome of the trial day, 2008/1176-2009/564 the basis of the decision and by the decision of the defendants was acquitted, and this crime as a result of failure to appeal against the decision was finalized with the understanding that in the face of,

As mentioned in the decision No. 2012/2-1518 and No. 2013/154 of the General Assembly of the Criminal Court of the Supreme Court dated 09.07.2013,

In order to conduct criminal procedure, a number of “sine qua non” (sine qua non) conditions are required. One of these conditions that prevents reasoning is that there is no judgment or lawsuit filed, which is expressed as “Non bis in idem”.

The principle of “Non bis in idem”, which is also accepted in the doctrine and is one of the main principles of the law of reasoning, which is applied as a legal norm that lives without being clearly written in the laws, is 253 of the Code of Criminal Procedure No. 1412. in the third paragraph of the article; “If there is a provision on the same issue that was previously issued for the same defendant or a lawsuit has been filed, the case is decided to be dismissed”, Criminal Procedure Code No. 5271, which entered into force on 01.06.2005, entitled “Termination of the hearing and provision” 223. in the seventh paragraph of the article,; ”Due to the same act, a decision is made to dismiss the case if there is a provision made in advance for the same defendant or a lawsuit has been filed,” it is regulated. As can be understood from these regulations, due to the same act, if there is a provision that has already been made about the same defendant or a lawsuit has been filed, the case will be decided to be dismissed.

In the light of these explanations,

The Criminal Procedure Code of the public case filed against the defendants mentioned in our concrete case due to the actions taken on the same date against the same complainant is 223/7. in accordance with the article, it is necessary to decide on the refusal, while continuing the trial on the grounds of a change in the nature of the crime, to decide on the conviction of the defendants in written form,

2-forensic laboratory examination on the birth certificate and passport fraud as a result of the appraisal report dated 29.06.2010 by organized crime in the subject of the photo identification card, and passport in the same place before and after removing of photos currently available, specifying that they are glued in the face of;

As detailed in the decisions of the Criminal General Assembly dated 14.10.2003 and numbered 232-250, dated 09.10.2012 dated 2011/8-335 and numbered 2012/1804, the objective nature of the document should be found to be deceptive and the arbitrariness of deception should be objectively understood from the document. In order for the crime of forgery to occur in the document, the document that has been edited or modified or used must be misleading the person that it is real. The property of deception is the main element of this crime, and a document that cannot be understood to be real unless it is subjected to a special examination should be considered a fake document. It is necessary to determine whether the forgery is of an objective nature to deceive people and whether it is understandable at first glance, so that there is no room for doubt. Whether you are capable of deception crimes of forgery in documents appreciated, and determination belongs to the judge and the subject of a crime and false birth certificate and your passport that is considered to be, by the evaluation of the properties written into the minutes of the hearing ability of justification-what these deception-deception on the nature of the decision that is having discussed the subject of the document is explained in a way that allows you to control crime in the file kept in the original copy of the review is the outcome of the decision in writing without missing,

3- The indictment (1.) in the action referred to as the incident, 2 24,000 from the defendants … and from the participant … engaged in the trade of white goods due to the need for cash before the date of the incident.-40,000 in exchange for a check for TL.-With the fear that the participant who wants to collect the checks will receive TL cash money when the due date comes, the defendants … and … will be subject to enforcement proceedings on the failure of their efforts, the defendant who is not a party to the receivable-debt relationship … seeks help from the defendant who is not a party to these checks, these considerations are clearly understood in the interview records reflected in the tapes, first of all, the accused and the accused go to the place of work of the participant and have conversations about the debt, where the accused introduces himself as a government official and tries to intimidate, however, according to the phone records of the defendant … who insisted on receiving the checks during the ongoing process, the defendant … tried to get the checks back by using the name and power of the defendant … 14-15,000 who joined the workplace for the second time with two people whose identity could not be fully identified, as well as those who joined with a gun threat.-In a concrete incident where he left the scene by forcibly taking his checks with TL cash money,

a) The defendant …’s conviction for looting and membership of a criminal organization in writing on an on-site and insufficient grounds without discussing and showing the decision on the spot in such a way as to allow the evidence of direct or indirect participation in the act of looting directed at the participant to be audited,

b) joining the diagnostic report dated 29.06.2010 held live after the operation based on the content of one of the defendants, …click “event on the date of coming to work in conjunction with instruction in hand with the defendant and his walkie-as a person who was in the doorway” to identify, despite Hearing dated 04.02.2011, “the party likened to standing in front of door”, dated 24.11.2011 at the hearing, he can’t remember exactly, but can identify the employee in the workplace” to declare in the face; due to the fact that the named one is the only witness of the incident, his statements about the merits have not been determined, he has been satisfied with the incomplete investigation, and the defendant has been acquitted of looting and membership of a criminal organization due to his actions against the participant in the trial in a written manner,

c) Regarding the cash and checks allegedly looted from participating …, the defendant … stated at the hearings dated 01.08.2012 and the continuation of his defense, “the law No. 5237, which is in their favor after the full determination of the damage caused, is 168.in accordance with the article ”Recognition of the possibility of its implementation”, it is necessary to make a decision in writing in continuation of the trial, without taking into account that the victim’s statement in this direction or providing the opportunity to meet it by personally determining the court and giving a reasonable period of time,

4- according to the content of violation No. (3) of Law No. 5237 on the accused … 39.leaving the decision on whether to implement the article unchallenged at the place of application,

To break it done until now, defendants …, …, …, …, …, …, … the objections of the public prosecutor and the defendant savunman appeal in this regard is seen because of the reasons explained in the provision CORRUPTION in the history of 29.06.2016 (1), (3-C), (4) the causes of destruction in terms of the numbered dear member …’s despite opposition by majority of votes, it was decided.

VOTE AGAINST

At the end of the procedure of the public case opened against the defendants, the victim …, I did not see any inconsistency in the provision established by the Court and found the application correct, with the idea of overturning (1) No. 1 for this provision;

In the face of the occurrence, file content and available evidence, I do not agree with the thoughts of the high majority of (3-c) and (4) corruptions.

VOTE AGAINST

105/6 of the Law No. 6352 on Amending Some Laws in Order to Activate Judicial Services and Postponing Cases and Penalties Related to Crimes Committed Through Press Release. article 2/4 of the same Law; however, it is temporarily repealed by Article 2/4 of the same Law. in accordance with article 250/1 of the CMK, which is charged with caring for cases filed in these courts until they are concluded with a final verdict, repealed by Article 250 of the CMK. according to article 1 of the Law on Amendments to Certain Laws of the courts, the Anti-Terrorism Law No. 6526 and the Code of Criminal Procedure of March 6, 2014, which was published in the Official Gazette No. 28933 and entered into force on March 6, 2526. provisional article 14/1, which was added to the Anti-Terrorism Law No. 3713. although it has been abolished in accordance with Article 4 of the said article. according to the paragraph, “The examination of the files issued by these courts and found in the Public Prosecutor’s Office of the Supreme Court or in the apartments of the Supreme Court is continued.” provision was put on. According to the position of the Republic of Turkey,; terror, including the fight against organised crime; the special authority courts legislator lifting; lifting does not carry drawbacks revealed in the reason; in accordance with the rules of universal law; the boundaries of the powers and duties are well drawn; well established infrastructure; I’m having faith that there is a need to the specialised courts.

Although this is my opinion, my opposition relates to the point that when these courts are being abolished, the inclusion of a provision as described above that distinguishes between defendants whose file has not yet been completed and defendants whose file has been decisively sent to the Supreme Court does not coincide with and contradicts the reasons for the abolition.

Because;

article 2 / f of Law No. 5271 “prosecution: the phase beginning with the adoption of the indictment and ending with the finalization of the verdict” is defined as, according to this definition, the files at the appeal stage are the derdest files that continue the prosecution. Against this definition, I think that separating files that have not yet been completed by the prosecution process; those that have not been decided by special competent courts from being sent to general (normal) criminal courts; and those at the appeal stage by editing to be examined by the Supreme Court is not the right way to solve. As I will explain the reasons below, despite the provision of this Law; in the files found in the Supreme Court, just like in the undecided files; I am of the opinion that only a general violation of the law was made on the grounds that these courts were abolished without any examination, and they were returned to the scene and their reasoning was carried out in the general (normal) courts. November December 10, 1948 – The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights of November 4, 1950 – the contrary solution, that is, compliance with the principle that these files will be examined by entering into the basis of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of December 1948 and the European Convention on Human Rights of November 4, 1950.

That is to say;

1-specially authorized courts “the right to a fair trial” and “heavy penal Courts” has been removed in order to end the distinction between, and this was stated in the aforementioned article also said general and of the law; thus, all are subject to the rules of procedure Criminal Court, which is required for ensuring that the right to a fair trial by the Special Investigation and prosecution procedures it is intended to last. In line with this purpose, it is arranged that the examination of the files located in the Public Prosecutor’s Office of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court’s offices will be continued; Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. and Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. it does not comply with its articles.

Indeed, the legislator himself, specially authorized courts is removed in order to provide the right to a fair trial, the law has set in the grounds of this regular criminal court according to the court, although he admits that even more precarious; the decisions of these courts, established by the provisions of the Criminal Court, such as it intends to examine normal; creates a result that is inconsistent with the purpose and rationale of removal.

2- The courts must act in accordance with the principle of equality in all their proceedings. the methods of collecting evidence have been changed by Law No. 6526; previously, CMK’s 250. in the investigations and prosecutions remaining within the scope of the article, restrictive provisions regarding suspects and defendants have been removed and equality of legal security and trial has been ensured. However, as a result of the abolition of Specially Authorized Courts, defendants of cases that are not decided by these courts and sent to other serious criminal courts with; to make a difference by distinguishing between the defendants of the files whose decisions are under appeal review in the Supreme Court; dec. 7 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which stipulates that everyone shall enjoy the rights and freedoms set forth in the convention without discrimination, with the principle of equality provided for in Article 14. according to the article and from the point of view of our domestic law, our Constitution is entitled “Equality before the law” 10; “Freedom to Seek Rights” 36; “Assurance of a Legal Judge” 37; “Decriminalization and Penalties” 38. it creates a contradiction to its substances.

As seen;

The said Legal regulation, as such, is contrary to our Constitution and conflicts with the international treaties to which we are a party and which have been duly put into effect.

Now, the problem here is whether we can exceed the said provision of the Law, which constitutes a violation of our Constitution and the international treaties that we have explained above; if we can exceed it, how can we do it.

In fact, this issue, while a problem, is part of Article 90/5 of our Constitution. with the amendment of the article to the Law dated 07.05.2014 and numbered 5170, the provisions of the international treaty were recognized as superior and resolved from the ground up, and there is no discussion left for this day.

That is to say;

90/5 of our Constitution. in accordance with the article; It has been duly entered into force with the provision of a law, and in the event of a conflict of treaty rule governing fundamental rights and freedoms, it has been agreed that the provisions of the treaty will be applied.

Based on this provision, if we evaluate our concrete case, Law No. 6526 1. provisional article 14, which was added to the Anti-Terrorism Law. article 4. it is clear that the last sentence of the paragraph contradicts the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey and the international treaties adopted by our country, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights are resolved by giving superiority to the provisions described above, and the provisions issued by special competent courts; in accordance with the principle of equality before the law and the right to a fair trial, without examining other aspects, it must be completely overturned in general (normal) criminal courts; their reasoning must be conducted and, as a result, overturned in order to establish a verdict. Acceptance of a different opinion; it will lead to consequences that contradict the law-maker’s justification and purpose of abolishing these courts, as well as contradict the basic values of the law, which can be collected under the headings of justice, locality and legal security, I believe.

For these reasons, I do not agree with the high majority’s opinion on the merits and the decision made based on this opinion in the file in question.

NEGATIVE VOTE

105/6 of the Law No. 6352 on the Amendment of Certain Laws for the Efficiency of Judicial Services and the Postponement of Lawsuits and Penalties for Crimes Committed through the Media, published in the Official Gazette dated 5.7.2012. repealed by the article; however, provisional 2/4 of the same Law. 250/1 of the CMK, which is assigned to try the lawsuits filed in these courts until they are finalized with a final decision, pursuant to the article. Courts assigned according to the article; Provisional Article 14/1 was added to the Anti-Terror Law No. 3713 with Article 1 of the Law No. 6526 on the Anti-Terrorism Law and the Law on Criminal Procedure and some Laws, which entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette no. 28933, dated 6 March 2014. Although it has been removed in accordance with the article; In the 4th paragraph of the aforementioned article, “The files given by these courts and in the Office of the Chief Public Prosecutor of the Court of Cassation or in the chambers of the Court of Cassation continue to be examined.” provision has been made. This provision is contrary to the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey and the European Convention on Human Rights.

Namely;

1- Specially authorized courts were abolished in order to ensure the “Right to a Fair Trial” and “Judicial Union”. This issue was stated in the general justification of the aforementioned Law and in the justification of the aforementioned article; it is aimed to put an end to the special investigation and prosecution procedures necessary for the right to a fair trial, by aiming that all heavy penal courts be subject to the same procedural rules.

However, in the last sentence of the 4th paragraph of the temporary article 14 added to the Anti-Terror Law with the Law No. 6526, the distinction between special and general courts is maintained; 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey titled “Equality before the law”; 36 titled “Freedom to seek rights”; Article 37 titled “Guarantee of a legal judge” and Article 38 titled “Principles on Crimes and Punishments” and Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights regarding the right to a fair trial have been made and the principle of judicial unity has been violated.

2- Courts must act in accordance with the principle of “equality before the law” in Article 10 of the Constitution in all their proceedings. Evidence collection methods have changed with the Law No. 6526; judicial law has been made lawful and reliable. Previously, in investigations and prosecutions within the scope of Article 250 of the CMK, the existing restrictive provisions regarding suspects and defendants were abolished, and legal security rights and equality of trial were ensured.

3- Likewise, this sentence is included in Article 36 of the Constitution, “Everyone has the right to a fair trial with the right to claim and defend as plaintiff or defendant before the judicial authorities with the freedom to seek rights”; It also violates the provisions of Article 37, “No one can be brought before an authority other than the court to which they are legally subject”, and Article 38, “Findings obtained in violation of the law cannot be accepted as evidence”.

4- One of the basic rules of contemporary constitutions is the rule that the legislator will not engage in futility. The legislator has accepted that these courts are more precarious than normal heavy penal courts, by abolishing the courts in charge with Article 250 of the CMK.

5-Creating a difference between the defendants of the cases sent to other heavy penal courts by abolishing the competent courts under Article 250 of the CMK and the defendants of the files whose decisions are subject to appeal at the Court of Cassation also violated the principle of equality written in Article 10 of the Constitution.

6- Pursuant to the rule, which is included in the 90/last article of the Constitution, “In case of conflicts that may arise due to the fact that international agreements on fundamental rights and freedoms that have been duly put into effect and laws contain different provisions on the same subject, the provisions of international agreements shall be taken as basis”; The regulation should be annulled as it is contrary to Article 6 of the ECHR on the right to a fair trial.

In summary, since the last sentence of the 4th paragraph of the temporary article 14 added to the Anti-Terror Law with the 1st article of the Law No. 5526 is contrary to the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey and the international agreements accepted by our country, the application to the Constitutional Court in accordance with the article 152 and the appeal will be made. withdrawal of the review,

Crime Of Attempted Looting

Supreme Court of the Republic of Turkey

  1. Criminal Chamber
    Basis: 2015/1208
    Decision: 2016/5621
    Decision Date: 29.06.2016

LOADING CRIME – AT THE EVENT DEVELOPING IN THE EVENT WHERE THE DEFENDANT TRIED TO HIT THE CLIENT BY WAITING THE KNIFE WHILE HOLDING THE CLIENT, AND THE CLAIM ESCAPE TO Escape, THE ACT OF THE DEFENDANT WAS ATTEMPTED TO LOOK

SUMMARY: In the incident that developed in the form of the accused, who was charged with looting, he tried to hit the complainant by swinging the knife he took out of his waist, but the complainant escaped; Without considering that the acts of the accused as a whole constitute the crime of attempted looting, making a mistake in the qualification of the crime necessitated reversal. It was decided to overturn the judgment.

Case and Decision: By appealing the judgment given by the Local Court; With the decision of non-jurisdiction dated 06.04.2015 of the 17th Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court of Appeals, the file was discussed according to the nature of the application, the type of punishment, the duration and the date of the crime:

I- In the examination of the appeal objections against the verdict established for insulting the accused;

According to the content of the file and the minutes of the hearing, the legally valid and suitable evidence collected and discussed at the place of decision, the justification and the discretion of the Board of Judges; Since there is no procedural and illegality in accepting and characterizing that the crime was committed by the accused, other appeal objections were not deemed appropriate.

However;

Until the execution of the prison sentence is completed, the accused is deprived of exercising the rights written in Article 53/1-a-b-c-d-e of the Turkish Penal Code; however, Turkish Penal Code 53/3. Even though it has been decided to end his deprivation of exercising the rights listed in paragraph 53/1-c of the Turkish Penal Code on his descendants, if he is released on probation pursuant to the article; Published in the Official Gazette dated 24.11.2015 and entered into force on the same date, with the decision of the Constitutional Court, dated 08.10.2015, numbered 2014/140- 2015/85 Principle and Decision, written in Article 53/1-b of the Turkish Penal Code, “election, election and the phrase “using other political rights” has been cancelled,

8/1 of the Law No. 5320. Based on the authority given by Article 322 of the Criminal Procedure Code No. 1412, the section on the implementation of the 53rd article of the Turkish Penal Code was removed from the sentence, instead of it, “As a legal consequence of the defendant’s conviction with a prison sentence for the crime he has committed intentionally, the Turkish Penal Code 53/1. to be deprived of exercising the right to elect, be elected and other political rights written in subparagraphs (a, c, d and e) and subparagraph (b); 53/2 of the same Law. In terms of the application of Article 53/1, subparagraphs (a, c, d and e) and voting and other political rights written in subparagraph (b), and in accordance with paragraph 3 of the same article, the custody, guardianship over their descendants written in subparagraph (c) and not being able to use his powers of trusteeship until he is released on probation from the prison sentence he was sentenced to”, and the sentence, whose other aspects are found to be in accordance with the procedure and law, is corrected and approved,

II- As for the examination of the appeals against the verdict established for the crime of intentionally attempting to injure the accused with a weapon;

According to the occurrence and scope of the file; On the day of the incident, when the complainant was waiting in front of Ziraat Bank, which is on the connection road with the witness …, the accused came to the side of the accused, took his arm and said to the complainant, “You will give me 100-TL” and said that the complainant did not have any money, the accused said, “You will give money, if you do not give it, I will burn your house, I will kill, no one can do anything to me, they will call me … …,” he threatened the complainant, after the complainant got scared and shouted “police”, the accused tried to hit the complainant by waving the knife he took from his waist, but the complainant escaped; Without considering that the acts of the accused as a whole constitute the crime of attempted looting regulated in Articles 149/1-a, 35 of the Turkish Penal Code, mistakenly making a written judgment in the classification of the crime,

Result: It required overturning, since the appeal objections of the defendant’s defense were deemed appropriate in this respect, the verdict was reversed contrary to the request due to the explained reason, the protection of the acquired right pursuant to the 326/last article of the Criminal Procedure Law No. 1412, by sending Article 8/1 of the Law No. 5320, 29.06.2016 It was unanimously decided on.

Crimes Against the State

Supreme Court of the Republic of Turkey

6.Criminal Department
Main: 2016/3811
Decision: 2016/5600
Date of Decision: 29.06.2016

PLUNDER CRIME – WHERE THE CRIME IS A CRIME COMMITTED AGAINST THE STATE – IF THE CRIME IS COMMITTED MORE THAN ONCE, IT IS WRONG TO ESTABLISH THREE SEPARATE CONVICTIONS – WHERE THE PROVISION IS BROKEN

ABSTRACT: Since the legal benefit protected in the crime of laundering the values of assets arising from the crime is the public, economic and political structure of the country, the crime is a crime committed against the State, if the crime is committed more than once, the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237 43/1. the establishment of three separate convictions required overturning.

Case and Decision: The verdict issued by the Local Court is appealed by the defendants … and … their defense at trial;

It is understood that the defendants and their defense were duly notified of the day of the trial, but did not come to the hearing without valid excuses, but at the end of the examination conducted without a hearing from the defendants mentioned; the file was discussed according to the nature, type of punishment, duration and date of the crime of the application;

I – Defendants, and … …complaining about’imprisonment for the crime of plunder for; defendants …, …, … to complain about for the crime of imprisonment for attempting to plunder; … defendants, and … …complaining about’E ‘ for imprisonment for the crime of plunder; about the defendant, the victim of a threat of imprisonment for the crime; and … …complaining about defendants’imprisonment for a felony vandalism; defendants and about … the victim …’imprisonment for the crime of the threat to e; about the defendant, the victim …’e ‘ imprisonment on charges of deprivation of liberty for the defendant, about imprisonment for the crime of forgery; defendants …, …, …, … about gambling imprisonment on charges of providing space and opportunity to play for; the defendant, to establish an organization with the aim of committing the crime, the defendants …, …, …, …, … about the crime of being a member of the organization, which was established for the purpose of committing the crime, the defendant, about the imprisonment for the crime of helping organizations established for the purpose of committing a crime in the review of the provisions of;

the Turkish penal code No. 5237 is 228/1. the establishment of a sentence without taking into account that in addition to imprisonment, a fine is also provided for in Article 37 / 1 of the Turkish penal code No. 5237 on the defendant … who is directly involved in the crime of looting against the complainant. instead of article 39 of the same Law. since there is no counter-appeal, the reason for the violation has not been made.

According to the contents of the file, the legally valid and favorable evidence collected and discussed at the decision site, the justification and the discretion of the Board of Judges, there was no violation of the procedure and law in admitting and qualifying that the crimes were committed by the defendants, so other appeals were not considered on the spot.

But;

Deprivation of the accused of exercising the rights set out in Article 53/1-a-b-c-d-e of the Turkish Commercial Code until the execution of their prison sentences is completed; however, the Turkish penal code 53/3. although, in accordance with article 53/1-c of the Turkish Commercial Code, it has been decided to terminate their deprivation of exercise of the rights listed in paragraph 53/1-c on their own subsections if they are conditionally released; the decree No. 08.10.2015 days, 2014/140-2015/85 of the Constitutional Court, published on the Official Gazette dated 24.11.2015 and entered into force on the same date, as well as the written in Article 53/1-b of the Turkish criminal code, the phrase “for exercising the right to choose, be elected and other political rights” has been canceled,

Required to be overturned, the defendants …, …, …, …, …, … since the appeals of the defenders and the defendants …, … and … have been considered in place as of this moment, the VIOLATION of the provision in accordance with the communique for the reason described does not require a retrial, since the reason for the violation does not require Law 8/1 of 5320. according to Article 322 of CMUK No. 1412. based on the authority granted by Article 53 of the Turkish penal code from the provision paragraph. instead of removing the section on the application of the article, “As a legal result of the defendants’ convictions with imprisonment for a crime they have intentionally committed, the Turkish penal code 53/1. in terms of the application of article 53/2 of the same Law, they shall be deprived of the right to elect, be elected and exercise other political rights written in subparagraphs (a, c, d and e) and subparagraphs (b). from the point of view of the application of Article 53/1. electoral and other political rights written in paragraphs (a, c, d and e) and (b) of article (a, c, d and e), as well as in article 3 of the same. in accordance with paragraph (c), they may not exercise the custody, guardianship and trusteeship powers over their own children written in paragraph (c) until they are conditionally released from the prison sentence they have been sentenced to,”by writing a sentence, other aspects of which are in accordance with the procedure and the law are CORRECTED AND APPROVED,

II- As for the examination of the provisions of convictions established for laundering the values of assets arising from the crime against the accused …, … about the accused, victims … and … about the accused … and … about the complainant … about the accused …, …, … and … about the complainant;

Other appeals were not considered on the spot.

But;

1-the crime by hiding the source of the value of assets obtained from them are derived from legitimate illegitimate way, which is about where the process was subjected to the announcement, which processes in relation to it, without showing, obtained by processing of the crime, or the subject of the crime or the commission of a crime provided for in forming their evaluation of material interests or economic gains that arise as a result of the conversion with the confiscation of restitution to the victims of crime or whether it is possible without further research, to review actions by justifying the establishment of an incomplete provision,

2-admission, according to the values of the assets protected from crime laundering crimes in the country the legal benefits of Public, economic and political structure because it is a crime against the state is a crime, if committed more than one crime 43/1 Turkish Penal Code No. 5237. establishment of three separate convictions without regard to the fact that the article should be applied,

Since the appeals of the defendants …, …, …, … their defense and the defendants … and … were considered on the spot, it was decided unanimously on 29.06.2016 that the verdict should be OVERTURNED for the reasons described.

Promissory Notes Debt

B) Debt arising from the promissory note

ARTICLE 646 – (1) The debtor of the negotiable instrument is only obliged to pay in return for the delivery of the deed.

(2) Unless there is fraud or gross fault, the debtor is relieved of his debt by making a payment to the person who is understood to be a creditor according to the nature of the deed, when the maturity comes.

Turnover Or Form Requirement

Shape

ARTICLE 648 – (1) In all cases, the endorsement is made in accordance with the provisions regarding the endorsement of the policy.

(2) It is sufficient to pass the endorsement and possession of the bill for the transfer.

Changing the Type of the Bill

D) Changing the type of the deed

ARTICLE 650 – (1) A deed written to a name or order can only be converted into a pregnant written deed with the consent of all persons to whom it has entitlement and debt. This consent must be written directly on the promissory note.

(2) The same rule is valid for converting maternity bills into registered or promissory notes. In this last case, if there is no consent of one of the right or debt holders, this conversion becomes effective only between the creditor who made the conversion and the person who is the direct successor to his rights.

Cancellation and Registration of Title Deed for Property

T.R. SUPREME COURT

  1. Law Office
    Basis: 2015/15795
    Decision: 2016/7531
    Decision Date: 28.06.2016

CANCELLATION OF DEED AND REGISTRATION REQUEST – THE CASE IS A CASE WITH REQUEST TO CANCELLATION OF THE OWNERSHIP AND REGISTRATION AND IS NOT ONE OF THE CASES THAT MUST BE TRANSFERRED TO THE CADASTRE COURT – THE JURISDICTION TO THE RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES

SUMMARY: The lawsuit is a lawsuit for the cancellation of the title deed and registration for the property, and it is not one of the lawsuits that should be transferred to the cadastral court. Therefore, the court in charge of resolving the dispute is the … 1. Civil Court of First Instance. Pursuant to Articles 21 and 22 of the HMK… 1. Civil Court of First Instance had to be determined as the place of jurisdiction.

(6831 S. K. m. 2) (3402 S. K. m. 22, 27, 41) (6100 S. K. m. 21, 22) (Regulation on the Procedures and Principles to be Followed in Re-arranging the Cadastre Maps and Making the Necessary Corrections in the Land Registry Art. 9)

Litigation and Decision: In the lawsuit filed between the parties regarding the immovable law, due to the decision of non-jurisdiction by the 1. Civil Court of First Instance and the Cadastre, all the documents in the file sent to determine the place of jurisdiction were examined and it was considered necessary:

In summary, the plaintiff’s attorney in the petition; Claiming that the immovable parcel numbered 1256 in the village of … … is registered in the title deed in the name of the defendants, and that during the cadastral works carried out in 1993, 2271 m² of the immovable property in question was taken out of the borders of its name in accordance with Article 2/B of the Law No. 6831, and demanding that this part be registered in its name with the parcel, and sued.

… 1. The Civil Court of First Instance has given a decision of non-jurisdiction on the grounds that the cadastral court is in charge, since a report was drawn up as the defendant in accordance with Article 22/2-a of the Law No.

… The Cadastre Court, on the other hand, ruled for lack of jurisdiction on the grounds that the case is about property and the civil court of first instance is in charge.

27/1 of the Cadastre Law No. 3402. “The duties of these courts are terminated on the date when the cadastral record is drawn up for the immovable property regarding the cadastre-related and not yet finalized immovable property pending in the local law courts, and the files of the cases are transferred to the court ex officio.” In order for the provision to be applied, the case in the general court must contain a dispute that will fall within the scope of the cadastral activity.

Pursuant to Article 22/2-a of Law No. 3402, the purpose of the implementation cadastre is “Relating to land registry, cadastre or amendment transactions; re-arranging the cadastral maps that have lost their application quality in order to eliminate errors arising from limitations, measurements, drawings and calculations, are insufficient for technical reasons, are found to be deficient or do not show the boundaries on the ground in accordance with reality, and make the necessary corrections in the land registry. As can be seen, the purpose and scope of the implementation cadastre is to eliminate the technical errors related to the immovable boundaries in the cadastral maps. In that case, due to the implementation cadastre, the cases that can be transferred from the general courts are related to the border dispute; In other words, at the end of the final decision to be made, it is imperative that the boundaries and/or surface areas of the immovables in the layout map change. As a matter of fact, in article 9/a of the Regulation of Article 22/2-a (Regulation on the Procedures and Principles to be Complied with for the Rearrangement of Cadastre Maps and Making Necessary Corrections in the Land Registry), the cases that must be transferred from the general courts are explained as “frontier or area related” cases.

The judgment rendered as a result of the property lawsuit filed in the general court does not change the cadastral boundaries (diameters) of the immovables. For this reason, the title deed cancellation and registration cases regarding the property are not among the cases that should be transferred to the cadastral court due to the implementation cadastre.

The cases that should be transferred within the scope of the implementation cadastre, “Deed cancellation and registration cases with the request to change the joint border”, “Laws filed based on Article 41 of the Cadastre Law”, “Cases for the correction of the area written in the land registry” and “22/1 of the Law No. 3402. Lawsuits arising from the repeated cadastre within the scope of the article.

In the concrete case, the lawsuit is a lawsuit for the cancellation of title deed and registration for the property, and it is not one of the lawsuits that should be transferred to the cadastral court. Therefore, the court in charge of resolving the dispute is the … 1. Civil Court of First Instance.

Conclusion: For the reasons explained above; Pursuant to Articles 21 and 22 of the Code of Civil Procedure… On 28.06.2016, it was unanimously decided to DETERMINATE the 1st Civil Court of First Instance as a JURISDICTION.

Evidence Based on the Decision

T.C. SUPREME

22.law office
Main: 2016/8068
Decision: 2016/19513
Date of Decision: 27.06.2016

CASE OF LABOR RECEIVABLES – THE EVIDENCE ON WHICH THE DECISION IS BASED, AND THERE IS NO VIOLATION OF THE LEGAL GROUNDS AND, IN PARTICULAR, THE DISCRETION OF THE EVIDENCE – THE REJECTION OF ALL APPEALS THAT ARE NOT IN THE PLACE OF THE PARTY – THE APPROVAL OF THE VERDICT

ABSTRACT: According to the evidence on which the decision is based, the reasons for the legal requirement and, in particular, the lack of accuracy in the discretion of the evidence, the rejection of all appeals that were not in the place of the two parties, as well as the approval of the provision that was in accordance with the procedure and the law, were required.

(4857 P. K. m. 41, 46, 57)

Litigation and decision: the Claimant, the difference collective bargaining fees, you will receive additional bonuses and reimbursement, shift, return fee premium night receivable, compensation for underground work, shift, hike, eat-food-additive fee, coal yakimlik assistance, clothing assistance, soap lighting and fees receivable, social assistance costs, overtime pay, work weekends and national public holidays, fee, compensation paid annual leave and decided to make the principle of equal consideration against receivables asked.

The court has decided to dismiss the case.

Although the parties were appealed by their lawyers during the sentencing period, after hearing the report prepared by the Examining Judge for the case file, the file was examined, discussed and considered as necessary:

Conclusion: According to the articles in the file, the evidence on which the decision is based, the legal reasons and, in particular, the lack of accuracy in the discretion of the evidence, the rejection of all appeals that were not in the place of the two parties and the APPROVAL of the provision that was in accordance with the procedure and the law, on 27.06.2016, the decision was made by a majority of votes.

VOTE AGAINST

Plaintiff; who is a subcontractor employer at the Eynez Underground Mine where the General Directorate of Turkish Coal Enterprises () has an operating license …. it works within the body, but it is for this reason that the defendants ‘collusive relationship between the Directorate-General should have the same rights as workers, also in accordance with ILO Convention 94 Mine Workers’ Union of Public Workers ‘ Union, noting that TIS should benefit from the provisions of the agreement signed between $ 100 collective bargaining agreement (TIS) the difference fee of $ 100 will receive reimbursement bonuses and additional 10 pounds the return fee receivable shift, night premium receivable, compensation for underground work, shift, hike, eat-food-additive costs, fuel coal assistance, clothing assistance, lighting soap and fees receivable, social assistance costs, overtime pay, national holidays – work weekends and general fee, paid annual leave compensation and the principle of equal consideration against receivables deposits applied to the highest interest to be paid jointly and severally with the vague claims of the defendant as with the collection to be decided;

Defendant …. both in the response petition that he submitted to the file and in his statements to the court, in summary; he requested that it be decided to dismiss the case for the absence of legal benefit for this reason, that it is not possible to open the case as an indefinite receivable case; the defendant’s General Directorate argued that the service purchase agreement subject to the case should be considered as a workplace transfer, work or revaluation agreement.

The court, which is out of the case ….’s Eynez Furnace in the furnace and lights outside atabaca to the production of a separate organization from the General Directorate, the directorate general partner or manager of the company found a relationship between partners or managers, technical and legal aspects of the company in question to be working independently for many years in the mining industry with citing …. he decried that there was a sub-employment contract between them and therefore the case was dismissed.

168 of the Constitution. in its article, “Natural wealth and resources are under the provision and savings of the State. The right to search for and operate them belongs to the State. The state may transfer this right to natural and legal persons for a certain period of time.”; 4 of the Mining Code No. 3213. in its article, it also states that “Mines are under the provision and protection of the State and are not subject to the ownership of the supply in which they are located. it is said that “. In accordance with these provisions, the right to operate mines is entirely at the disposal and disposal of the State. However, private individuals can also operate the mines.

Article 5 of the Law No. 3213. according to the article, none of the rights of the first application, exploration permit, decisiveness and operating license of the facilities on the mines may be divided into shares and each of them shall be treated as a whole. Mining licenses and the right of discovery are transferable. 6 of the same Law. according to the article, mineral rights, civil rights of the Republic of Turkey citizens eligible to use, mining and status that can do writing companies legal persons established under the laws of the Republic of Turkey in this regard, the authority in public enterprises and enterprises, subsidiaries, and affiliates, and other public institutions and administrations, including on behalf of a single natural or legal person is given. Since the mines are located in the provision and savings of the State, the use of the rights related to it is possible with a license to be issued on the basis of the provisions of the Mining Code. 2 of the Law No. 3213 on Mines. according to the article, they are classified into five groups, mineral exploration and operation licenses are also issued according to these groups specified. Decommissioning and operation licenses are also issued according to these groups.

The Turkish Coal Enterprises Corporation is an Economic State Organization established on 22.05.1957 by Law No. 6974, and its work is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the “Main Status of the Turkish Coal Enterprises Corporation”. 4 Of the Main Status of the Institution. according to the article, the objectives and activities in accordance with policies the state’s overall energy and fuel lignite, bituminous shale radish, asfaltit evaluate energy as raw materials, to meet the needs of the country, to make the maximum contribution to the domestic economy, plans and programs to organize and ensuring implementation of the above activities to identify strategies to follow to handle it sets any mines, and for this purpose, search, real and legal persons which the procurement of lignite, radish, Turkish hard coal bituminous shale raw materials such as coal and energy coal in FOB and with the authority of municipalities and special provincial administrations and sold as fow affiliated enterprises, natural and legal persons of the state economic enterprises and institutions produced by the root, making out with collateral obtained during coal briquette materials, energy and Natural Resources Ministry to buy and sell within the principles and regulation to be approved by the technical specification is called. Its main goals are to increase production, carry out work on improving the quality of coal, and minimize production costs. There are 2 Company Directorates affiliated to coal production and marketing in different parts of the country and 1 Business Directorate and 6 Control Directorates working depending on these Institutions.

The defendant, can operate as coal and other energy mines which provided the raw materials, coal and other energy islettirebi the pits, which provided the raw materials, or the energy produced by natural and legal persons, can buy raw materials and sell it again. Most of the public institutions are going on the way of purchasing services by tender within the framework of the Public Procurement Law No. 4734 and other tender legislation in order to perform the services they are obliged to perform. 4 of the Law No. 4734. a service description in the item, “maintenance and repair, transportation, telecommunications, insurance, research and development, accounting, market research and survey consultancy, promotion, printing and publishing, cleaning, food preparation and distribution, meeting, Organization, presentation, protection and security, vocational training, photography, film, intellectual and beautiful art, computer systems, services, software services, and the leasing of movable and immovable property rights and other similar services,” according to the aforementioned definition, remain within the concept of Service. In the article, “and other similar services” from the statement mentioned in the question, they are not a limited number of services, but all services that have not fulfilled their staff with public agencies and institutions they need for the service to enter into contractual relations with auctions that can be understood. Service procurement contracts are not subject to any restrictions except for strict procedural requirements within the scope of public procurement legislation and the fact that the personnel owned by the administration are insufficient in terms of quality and quantity.

In order for a contract to occur, two will statements are needed. Of these, the one made before the time is called an icap (proposal to enter into a contract), and the person who makes the icap is also called an icap. Icap is a unilateral and necessary will statement to arrive at. Icap does not necessarily have to be done to anyone, and icap can also be done to the public. According to the Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098, the validity of contracts does not depend on any form, unless otherwise provided for in the law. Freedom of contract is essential. The parties may freely determine the content of a contract within the limits prescribed by law.

The remittance contract is a concept related to mining law. The extraction of the mine within a certain mining area and the shipment of the mined mine to certain places may be the subject of a revaluation agreement, a sub-employment relationship or a service purchase agreement. The jul-ture of the legal relationship becomes more complicated when the provision of workers and the transfer of the workplace are added to them. In practice, what is the legal relationship for the extraction and shipment of minerals is a very common problem. In other words, it may be a problem whether the relationship in question is a jul-ture agreement, a sub-employment relationship, a service purchase agreement, a labor supply agreement, or a workplace transfer. It is also a fact that the mentioned legal relations have similar aspects to each other.

If it is concluded that the remittant does not independently carry out the mine production activity, and that the management authority over both production and workers is in the license holder, it is not the remittance or the purchase of services, but the supply of workers. jul. Dec January JUL-2009, the Company’s management authority over the production activity and workers is understood to belong to the person who took over the mine by the revaluation agreement, that is, the revaluation agent is legally independent of the mine production work that he has received from the license holder, if the mine production work is included in the mine production organization of the license holder, there is neither the supply of workers nor the relationship between the contract parties and two independent employers.

The remittance person or company that rents a mining operating license must have a mining and operating qualification and expertise. Accordingly, if the realtor does not have the mine management competence and expertise, the legal action is considered invalid. There is a relationship between the mine license holder and the decommissioner between the lessor and the lessor. The lessor is independent in what he rents. For this reason, legal, administrative and technical independence must be present at the mine site rented by the realtor.

From the witness statements heard within the scope of the file, from the service purchase agreement and attachments that are the subject of the case contained in the file, from the employees, ….Octoberalthough some of the tools and equipment are covered by the company, the actual necessary tools and equipment are covered by the company and the work is not given to the sub-employer during the conclusion of the collective bargaining agreement, already in the absence of such a claim by the plaintiff, the plaintiff in the statement of the witnesses the defendant didn’t give orders or instructions to the officials themselves, if they are dealing with them in January, in the absence of personnel, engineer January 3, except that only control them and the checks they did, and did not descend on the stove, orders, and instructions out of the case …. what they received from the authorities, ….’s eynez in which the accident occurred outside the furnace, lights, and even before that it was geventepe stove atabaca the mines were, however due to the end of production in geventepe is closed, the workers who work there, the work of these three have been transferred to the furnace, and whether the three in question are still in January, workers could be subject to temporary assignments and postings with a change of venue, when it starts to work ….it is not clear which january they will work in, which worker will work where ….what they say is decided by him personally, ….it is understood that the company does not have any authority to choose which employee it will work with, and the powers granted to it do not exceed the limits of supervision and coordination.

The name put by the parties to the contract does not matter. Its legal nature should be determined by looking at the content and application of the contract. ”General Directorate of Aegean Lignite Enterprise Directorate Eynez Underground Coal Production Business Service Purchase Agreement” should be concluded with the acceptance that it is a revaluation agreement in the face of the explanations made above.

In order for a legal relationship to be a sub-employment contract or relationship, the constituent elements of this relationship must coexist. dec. A sub-employment contract is not a type of contract that must be accepted in the absence of other contracts. Therefore, the existence of a contract, whether it is a service purchase, retraining and sub-employment contract, is possible with the presence of its constituent elements. Although it was decided that there was a sub-employer relationship between the defendant and the company dec was notified in the concrete case, it is not possible to accept such a relationship considering the elements of the sub-employer relationship. 2/6 of the Labor Code No. 4857. according to the article, “An employer, for the production of its goods or services in the workplace or in a section of the work auxiliary work in the nature of the business of the business and work in jobs that require expertise for technological reasons, and that it receives that are running for this job designated by the other workers just in the workplace with the employer the employer is the relationship between the relationship between the employer and subcontractor he got the job is called.”

Article 3 of the Sub-Employer Regulation. according to the article, sub-contractor, the employer in the workplace, or the work carried out related to the production of goods or services of the business and help the business in a section of the nature of field work in jobs that require expertise for technological reasons, the workers just for this job designated natural or legal person or unincorporated organizations and institutions that is running from the workplace; the lower isverenlik agreement made in writing between the employer and the bottom with the principal employer of the contract which contains the points mentioned in Article 10; the real work, the work that forms the basis of the production of goods or services conducted in the workplace and the principal employer also an auxiliary or a main section on the production of goods or services of the business and the nature of the business giving to other employers with jobs that require expertise for technological reasons, the actual work itself refers to the natural or legal person or unincorporated organizations and institutions that the worker is running.

In order for a legal relationship to be a sub-employer relationship according to these regulations;

1) Within the meaning of the Labor Code, there should be two employers, one of which is the main one and the other is the subordinate one,

2) The job assigned to the sub-employer must be an auxiliary job or a part of the main job related to the production of goods or services that the main employer conducts at the workplace,

3) Only a certain part of the main job, not the entire one, should be given to the sub-employer,

4) Part of the main job assigned to the sub-employer must be a job that requires expertise for technological reasons, as well as for the needs of the enterprise and work,

5) The main employer must employ an employee in the sense of the Labor Code in the other part of the main job that he has given to the sub-employer.

In the case that is the subject of the lawsuit, the job given to the sub-employer is the job of producing coal from the Eynez underground fields. The production job in question is assigned to the sub-employer as a whole. The main employer does not employ workers in the coal production business in question. There is no dispute about this, and the current situation is also recognized by the court. Therefore, the two main constituent elements of the subordinate-employer relationship or contract do not exist in the concrete case.

We do not agree with the majority opinion, considering that the decision made by the Court should be overturned due to the statements made above. 27.06.2016